Tosafos seems to understand that Rebbi's claim of not getting any benefit from this world was a very general claim and therefore it is well connected to the point of the midrash. Similarly, Tosafos in Avoda Zara 11a asks how the gemara can claim about Rebbi that he had all delicacies in all seasons, since the gemara says here that he did not benefit from this world? Tosafos answers that although Rebbi had the delicacies at his table, he personally did not derive any benefit. Clearly, this Tosafos also assumes that Rebbi was making a general statement of not receiving any benefit on this world.
However, the Ya'avetz in Avoda Zara 11a writes that Rebbi's statement was referring to his investment in Torah learning, specifically recording the mishna which he did with his ten fingers (apparently Rebbi knew how to type), that he did not receive any personal benefit from his Torah. The language of the gemara: שיגעתי בעשר אצבעותי בתורה ולא נהניתי אפילו באצבע קטנה definitely implies like the Ya'avetz. This can also be read into Rashi, that the second half of his statement is qualifying the first, that although he invested ten fingers worth of energy into Torah, he didn't derive even one finger worth of benefit. Based on this approach, it seems as if learning l'ishma would be to the exclusion of any enjoyment that one receives from learning, which is against the Eglei Tal's vort in his hakdama. But, כמובן יש לחלק.
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